URINALYSIS
A. The Basic Competencies
Explain relatedness between structure, function and process, anomaly/diseases that can be occurred on the human and animal excretion. (e.g. fish and insect)
B. Indicators
Identify the content of urine.
C. Purpose
Analyze urine pH.
Recognize there are urea and chloride in the urine.
To analyze disturbance of kidney from the test.
D. Theory
1) The kidneys and Homeotasis
The kidneys are organs of homeostasis for four main reasons :
a) The kidneys excrete metabolic wastes such as urea which is the primary nitrogenous waste of humans.
b) Maintain the water-salt balance and therefore the pH balance.
c) Secrete hormons.
2) Urine formation
An average human produces between 1 and 2 liters of urine daily.
Urine contains :
a) Urine (and other wastes).
b) Sodium chlorides (and other ions).
c) Hydrogen’s ion.
d) Drug and poisons.
E. Tools and Materials
1) Reaction tubes
2) Universal indicators
3) Clamp
4) Palette
5) Becker glass
6) AgNO3 5%
7) Benedict solution or fehling A and fehling B solution
8) Biuret Solution (comprise of CuSo4 1% solution and NaOH 10% solution)
9) Urine
10) Burner of rubbing alcohol
F. Step Work
F. Step Work
Activity 1 (Measuring urine pH)
1) Plugging indicator universal paper into urine.
2) Observe change of urine colour.
3) Comparing its colour with standard of pH.
4) How many its pH and what is the meaning of its?
Activity 2 (Recognizing aroma of ammonia from result of decompositions of urea in urine)
1) Heating with lamp of spirtus.
2) How its aroma?
Activity 3 (Knowing content of chlor in urine)
1) Pouring 2ml urine into containing reaction tube of urine.
2) Adding 5 drip of AgNO3 5%.
3) What is happened?
Activity 4 (Test of glucose)
1) Content reaction tube with 2ml of urine.
2) Adding 2 drip of benedict solution (fehling A and fehling B).
3) Heating with lamp fire of spirtus, note its result.
4) What is your conclusion about urine which you investigate?
Activity 5 (Test of protein)
1) Pouring 2ml urine into reaction tube.
2) Adding 5 drip NaOH 10% solution and let about 5 minute.
3) Adding CuSO4 1% about 5 drip.
4) Observe its result and note.
5) What is your conclusion that can you take from this observation? Explain it!
Question :
1. What does content of urine?
2. From urine test, is there the different colour? What factor that affect that colour differences?
3. Explain the process that cause the colour in human urine!
G. Results Table Observation and Answer
NO | NAME | TEST OF AROMA | TEST OF CHLOR | ||
Information | Information | +/- | |||
1 | Achmad Bambang | Smell | Precipitation | + | |
2 | Asri Pertiwi | Smell sting | Precipitation | + | |
3 | Ayi Abdul Basith | Smell | Precipitation | + | |
4 | Firman Sandhika | Smell sting | Precipitation | + | |
5 | Yaumi Hafidah | Smell | Precipitation | + | |
NO | NAME | TEST OF PROTEIN | TEST OF GLUCOSE | ||
Information | +/- | Information | +/- | ||
1 | Achmad Bambang | Green | - | Green | - |
2 | Asri Pertiwi | Purple | + | Brown | - |
3 | Ayi Abdul Basith | Light blue | - | Light brown | - |
4 | Firman Sandhika | Blue-green | - | Yellow-green | - |
5 | Yaumi Hafidah | Dark green | - | Brown | - |
NO | NAME | COLOR OF URINE | THE ACIDITY |
Information | Information pH | ||
1 | Achmad Bambang | Yellow | 4 |
2 | Asri Pertiwi | Yellow | 4 |
3 | Ayi Abdul Basith | Dark Yellow | 5 |
4 | Firman Sandhika | Yellow | 4 |
5 | Yaumi Hafidah | Dark yellow | 5 |
Answer :
1. Usually, urine contain of water with dissolved material in the form of waste products (like urea), dissolved salts, and organic matter. Fluid and urine-forming material from the blood or interstitial fluid. Urinary composition changed during the process of reabsorption when essential molecules for the body, such as glucose, are absorbed back into the body through a carrier molecule. The remaining fluid contains high levels of urea and other compounds that excess or potentially toxic to be dumped out of the body. So, urine not contain glucose, protein, and haven’t chlor cause if contain that material so our body have problem in excretion.
2. Because different level dehydration everybody, people who do not suffer from dehydration will remove urine clear as water. Patients with dehydration will remove urine dark yellow or brown.
3. Stage filtration produce primary urine contains water, protein, glucose, amino acids, urea and inorganic ions. Glucose, inorganic ions and amino acids are needed by the body. Stage of the reabsorption include glucose, amino acids, ions Na +, K +, Ca 2 +, Cl-, HCO3-, and-HbO42, whereas urea levels are higher. The results of this reabsorption phase is called the secondary urine or tubular filtrate. The content of secondary urine is water, salt, urea, and bile pigment that gives color and smell function in urine and finally phase expenditure.
CONCLUSION
Based on above test results and their theories concerning it, in getting the things that excretion urine is needed to dispose of the remaining molecules in the blood is filtered by the kidneys and to maintain body fluid homeostasis. However, there are also some species that use urine as a means of olfactory communication. Urine is filtered in the kidney, ureter brought through to the bladder, eventually thrown out of the body through the urethra. Base on that result get are urine very acid are Achmad Bambang, Asri Pertiwi and Firman Sandhika with pH=4 and acid are Ayi Abdul Basith and Yaumi Hafidah with pH=5.
Base on that result get are urine cleaned from glucose, urine consists of water with dissolved material in the form of waste products (like urea), dissolved salts, and organic matter. Fluid and urine-forming material from the blood or interstitial fluid. Urinary composition changed during the process of reabsorption when essential molecules for the body, such as glucose, are absorbed back into the body through a carrier molecule. The remaining fluid contains high levels of urea and other compounds that excess or potentially toxic to be dumped out of the body. The material contained in the urine can be detected through urinalysis.
Urea is contained by the urine can be a good source of nitrogen for plants and can be used to accelerate the formation of compost. Diabetes is a disease that can be detected through urine. A diabetic urine contains sugar would not be found in the urine of healthy individuals.
Base on that result get are urine very smell sting are Asri Pertiwi and Firman Sandhika, cause included action from bacteria. The main function is to dispose of urine residual substances such as toxins or drugs from the body. Common assumption regard urine as a substance that is "dirty". This relates to the possibility of urine from the kidney or urinary tract infection, so the urine will contain bacteria. However, if the urine comes from the kidneys and urinary tract healthy, medically urine is actually quite sterile and almost odor generated from urea. So can said that urine is sterile substance.
Base on that result get are urine can be pointer to dehydration. People who do not suffer from dehydration will remove urine clear as water. Patients with dehydration will remove urine dark yellow or brown gotten Ayi Abdul Basith and Yaumi Hafidah are dehydration.
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